Sustainable Development and Religious Discourse: A Qualitative Media Framing Analysis of the Karnataka Hijab Issue

Abstract

Background: India’s cultural identity is deeply rooted in its religious pluralism; however, hardened belief systems can occasionally foster sectarian identities that resist inclusive dialogue. Such rigidity often limits intergroup interaction, particularly among the youth. As both a mirror and a shaper of societal attitudes, the media plays a pivotal role in framing religious discourse. The nature of this coverage has direct implications for the realisation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), specifically SDG 4 (Quality Education), SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities), and SDG 16 (Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions).

Objective: This study investigates how religious issues are framed within Indian media discourse, focusing on the Karnataka Hijab controversy. It evaluates whether media coverage advanced exclusive ideological lines or contributed to an inclusive, pluralistic understanding of the event.

Methodology: The research utilised a qualitative content analysis of secondary data from two leading Indian newspapers, The Hindu and The Deccan Herald. The analysis focused on identifying framing patterns and the degree to which these reports reflected or exacerbated socio-political tensions.

Results: The findings underscore the influential role of the media in disseminating religious discourse and shaping the perceptions of the youth. The results indicate that media representations often reflect the broader socio-political tensions within Indian society, highlighting the challenges of maintaining neutrality in reporting on religious conflicts.

Conclusion: This paper offers a critical reflection on the representation of religious discourses during the Karnataka Hijab controversy, which began in December 2021. This event was particularly significant as it unfolded within a secular educational institution—an environment traditionally perceived as neutral and unifying—rather than a religious setting.

Unique Contribution: This study contributes to the global discourse on advancing inclusive societies as envisioned in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. It provides empirical evidence of how media framing can impact social cohesion and the implementation of SDG-related educational values.

Key Recommendation: Educational institutions should reaffirm their commitment to constitutional secularism and remain insulated from communal influences. Furthermore, academic environments must promote constitutional literacy and ethical media engagement to counter polarisation and reinforce pluralistic values within the education system.