War Without End: Structural Limitations and the United Nations’ Position on the Israel–Palestine Conflict

Abstract

Background: The Israel–Palestine conflict remains one of the world’s most persistent humanitarian crises. Despite the existence of International Humanitarian Law (IHL) and the United Nations’ (UN) mandate for peace, ongoing violations in Gaza highlight the systemic limitations of global governance. The recurring use of veto power by permanent members of the Security Council is often cited as a primary obstacle to collective security and the principle of sovereign equality.

Objective: This study aims to analyse the UN’s effectiveness in responding to humanitarian violations during the Israel–Palestine conflict. It specifically assesses the implications of the United States’ veto power on the enforcement of international law, human rights protections, and peace-building efforts in Gaza.

Methodology: Utilising a qualitative-exploratory approach, this research draws upon secondary data from validated open-source media, official UN documents, and scholarly works. The study analysed patterns of veto usage, documented violations of IHL, and evaluated the resulting political impasse within the UN Security Council.

Results: The findings indicate that repeated vetoes of ceasefire resolutions have contributed to the perpetuation of the humanitarian crisis in Gaza, obstructing accountability for potential war crimes and the protection of civilians. The research identifies instances of restricted humanitarian access and a systematic disregard for the Geneva Conventions. Furthermore, the UN’s institutional dependency on the political will of permanent members has undermined its perceived neutrality and operational effectiveness.

Conclusion: The study concludes that the UN has struggled to maintain independence in preventing humanitarian violations, as its current structure allows political interests to supersede human rights protections. Without significant structural reform, the UN’s authority in global conflict resolution remains largely symbolic.

Unique Contribution: This research provides a critical perspective on how veto politics influence the enforcement of humanitarian law and exposes the structural vulnerabilities of the UN in safeguarding global peace and security.

Key Recommendation: It is recommended that the UN undergo comprehensive reform, specifically regarding the revision of the veto mechanism. Establishing independent humanitarian oversight and enhancing impartiality are essential to ensure the equitable enforcement of international law and accountability for all parties involved.