Nigeria's Foreign Policy and Regional Leadership: Evaluating Its Impact on Security and Stability in West Africa

Abstract

Background: Nigeria has consistently played a significant role in shaping the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and other regional organisations dedicated to promoting peace and security. As a key player in West Africa, Nigeria's foreign policy decisions greatly influence the region's security and stability. However, the long-term effects of these policies on regional stability remain inadequately explored, despite extensive research on Nigeria's foreign policy. Understanding how these actions impact regional security and stability is crucial for assessing the viability of Nigeria's foreign policy goals.

Objective: This study examined Nigeria's foreign policy actions and their impact on West Africa's security and stability.

Methodology: This study used a historical research approach. This approach is well-suited for analyzing complex issues in real-world contexts and offers valuable contextual insights.

Result: Although Nigeria's proactive approach strengthens regional security and reinforces its duty as a stabilizing force, the demands of these responsibilities often place pressure on domestic resources and create political instability. This finding shed insight into Nigeria's regional leadership ambitions and the difficulties it faces in balancing its domestic and international duties.

Conclusion: Nigeria faces challenges balancing its domestic needs with regional aspirations, as reflected in its foreign policy, specifically its leadership in ECOWAS. The country's global weaknesses, public dissent, security concerns, and socioeconomic burdens greatly hinder its capacity to fulfil regional obligations without jeopardising domestic interests.

Unique Contribution: The study provides theoretical evidence that Nigeria's leadership approach, characterised by its diplomatic efforts and economic strength, contributes to West Africa's security and stability.

Key Recommendation: The Nigerian government should leverage its leadership role in ECOWAS to foster discussions that address both domestic challenges and regional security threats. By organizing regional summits, it can promote cooperation and strengthen mutual understanding among member states.